Q-1: What are the key biographical characteristics?
Answer: The key biographical characteristics are age, gender, marital status, length of service, etc.
Q-2: What is tenure?
Answer: Tenure is the length of time that an official person serves for an organization.
Q-3: What do you mean by turnover?
Answer: In a human resources context refers to the characteristic of a given company or industry, relative to rate at which an employer gains and loses staff.
Q-4: What is ability?
Answer: Ability is defined as mental and physical capabilities to perform various tasks.
Q-5: What do the term intellectual abilities mean?
Answer: The capacity to do mental activities is called intellectual ability. Some common examples are number aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization and memory ability.
Q-6: What is difference between intellectual abilities and physical abilities?
Answer: Intellectual abilities are the capacity to do mental activities. Physical abilities refer to the capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, strength and similar characteristics.
Q-7: What is ability job-fit?
Answer: Adequate job performance requires certain abilities to that particular job. So the job incumbent should possess abilities that are required for the job he is performing for example an airline pilots need spatial visualization, the beech safeguard should be a good swimmer and the journalist should have strong reasoning abilities.
Q-8: What is ethical behavior?
Answer: Ethical behaviors are “Good” and “right” as opposed to “bad” or “wrong” in a particular setting.
Q-9: What is learning?
Answer: A relatively permanent change in the behavior occurring as a result of experience
Q-10: Can mangers reshape the behavior of employees?
Answer: Various methods are used to reshape human behaviors like positive or negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction.
Q-11: Define values.
Answer: A specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
Q-12: How can we differentiate “values, morals and ethics”?
Answer: Values are an individual's accepted standards of right or wrong. Morals are society's standards of right and wrong, very similar to ethics. Ethics can be described as a structured system of principles that govern appropriate conduct for a group, including activities such as professional ethics, compassion, commitment, cooperation.
Q-13: How an individual comes to know about “values”?
Answer: The main sources are parents, friends, teachers, role models, external reference groups.
Q-14: How an individual comes to know about “values”?
Answer: The main sources are parents, friends, teachers, role models, external reference groups.
Q-15: What is difference between terminal and instrumental values?
Answer: Instrumental values reflect the means to achieving goals; that is they represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving some end state. These include ambition, honesty, self efficiency and courage. Terminal values in contrast represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence. These include happiness, love, pleasure, self respect and freedom.
Q-16: What is difference between terminal and instrumental values?
Answer: Instrumental values reflect the means to achieving goals; that is they represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving some end state. These include ambition, honesty, self efficiency and courage. Terminal values in contrast represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence. These include happiness, love, pleasure, self respect and freedom.
Q-17: Can you give me examples of work values?
Answer: Some example of work values are achievement (career advancement), concern for others (compassionate behavior), honesty (provision of accurate information), fairness (impartiality)
Q-18: What are personal values?
Answer: Personal values are those things that are most important to you, those things that must be true for you to lead a happy and fulfilled life. Your values are also those things that really motivate you. When you are living in accord with your personal values you find life fulfilling and satisfying.
Q-19: How can a person identify its personal value and improve?
Answer: In the childhood you start learning values from your parents or other significant adults. Later on, you picked up values from your peers, your social environment, and other influences you allowed in to your life. You can recognize these environmental influences and identify and develop a clear, concise, and meaningful set of values/beliefs, and priorities. Because values impact every aspect of individual’s life and guide him/her to be successful. You can improve your personal values by choosing the values that are most important to you, the values you believe in and that define your character. Then live them visibly every day at work and at home. Living your values is one of the most powerful tools available to you to help you be the person you want to be, to help you accomplish your goals and dreams, and to help you lead and influence others.
Q-20: Explain the Difference Between "Attitude and Behavior".
Answer: Attitude refers to the ‘feel’ part of your work. It relates to how you feel about your work and your approach towards work. Behavior refers to the ‘do’ part of your work. It relates to how you do your work and how you get your work done.
Q-21: What factors determine job satisfaction?
Answer: Employees feel satisfaction when they find their job challenging, equitable rewards, supportive working conditions, supportive colleagues and personality job fit.
Q-22: Does our Personality Type change?
Answer: The research behind the Myers-Briggs Personality test, tells us that personality typing, in normal people, rarely changes over the course of a lifetime, unless they experience a major catastrophic event in their lives. For most people their personality deepens and matures.
Q-23: How does Personality Typing help in the world of work?
Answer: Certain personality types tend to be found in certain jobs because they do really well in those jobs. The job works with their personality. If you get into a job or occupation where you are constantly frustrated with the people around you, and the work you are doing, maybe it’s time to step back and ask yourself, “Does this job really suit my personality type?” As you get to know the various personality types, you will start to recognize the types that are drawn to the same line of work.
Q-24: What is the influence of heredity and environment on personality?
Answer: Heredity refers to those factors that genetically transfer from parents to children. For example gender, height, brain size. Environment is the surroundings of an individual that influence our personality. Among the factors that exert pressures on personality formation are the culture in which we are raised; our early conditioning; the norms among our family, friends, and social groups; and other influences that we experience.
Q-25: Who are extroverts and introverts?
Answer: Extroverts are those who enjoy being with people, are full of energy, and often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented, individuals. In groups they like to talk, assert themselves, and draw attention to themselves. On the other hand introverts are reserved person who are shy and tends not to socialize much, their feelings and thoughts are directed inward.
Q-26: How can I differentiate type A and B personality?
Answer: Type A’s have high spirits. They are very active they can hardly relax. They can not sit idol. They are over achievers; they usually get themselves involved in different activities and perform well. Their big problem is stress; they are usually overwhelmed by the amount of tasks they have to do. These tasks are usually a huge list that they planned for themselves. Type B personality type of person is relaxed by nature and has no sense of time urgency. They are more “laid-back”. They are less competitive, and slower in contemplating life.
Q-27: What are the main sources of self efficacy?
Answer: The main sources of self efficacy are prior experiences and prior success, behavior models, assessment of current physical & emotional capabilities.
Q-28: What does mean by Locus of Control?
Answer: Locus of control is considered to be an important aspect of personality. It refers to an individual's perception about the underlying main causes of events in his/her life. The individuals with internal locus of control believe that his behavior is guided by his personal decisions and efforts. While individuals with external locus of control believe that his behavior is guided by fate, luck or any other external circumstances. You can take an example of such a student, who says that he got good grades in exam because of his effort and hard work (This is internal locus of control) but when he fails to score good grades then he put blame on external factors like bad luck or strict paper marking. (This is external locus of control)
Q-29: What is the importance of emotional intelligence?
Answer: Emotional intelligence is important because;
Q-30: What are the dysfunctional emotions?
Answer: Dysfunctional emotions are unhealthy and unfavorable emotions.
Q-31: What is an organization?
Answer: An organization is composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Q-32: What is Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Organizational Behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Q-33: Why is it important to study Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Following are the reasons to study organizational behavior: • To learn about yourself and how to deal with others • You are part of an organization now, and will continue to be a part of various organizations • Organizations are increasingly expecting individuals to be able to work in teams, at least some of the time • Some of you may want to be managers or entrepreneurs.
Q-34: Why managers require knowledge of OB?
Answer: An understanding of organizational behavior is important to managers, who have the responsibility of improving organizational effectiveness, the ability of an organization to achieve goals. Specifically, knowledge of OB enables managers to focuses on how to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism and turnover, and increase employee citizenship and job satisfaction.
Q-35: What are the contributing disciplines of Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines. The predominant areas are psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political sc ience.
Q-36: What are the three levels of analysis in OB?
Answer: The three main levels of analysis in OB are individual, group and organization.
Q-37: What are the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use OB concepts?
Answer: Organizational behavior offers both challenges and opportunities for managers. It recognizes differences and helps managers to see the value of workforce diversity and practices that may need to be changed when managing in different countries. It can help improve quality and employee productivity by showing managers how to empower their people as well as how to design and implement change programs. It offers specific insights to improve a manager’s people skills. In times of rapid and ongoing change, faced by most managers today, OB can help managers cope in a world of “temporariness” and learn ways to stimulate innovation. Finally, OB can offer managers guidance in creating an ethically healthy work climate.
Q-38: How does globalization affect a manager’s people skills?
Answer: Globalization affects a manager’s people skills in at least two ways. First, managers are increasingly likely to find themselves on foreign assignments. Once there, they may be managing a work force that is defined by very different needs, aspirations, and attitudes from the workforce back at home. Second, managers are going to find themselves working with superiors, peers, and employees who were born and raised in a different culture. To work effectively with these people, managers will need to understand their culture, how it has shaped them, and how to adapt a management style to these differences.
Q-39: What is “workforce diversity?
Answer: Workforce diversity is a term used to describe how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous with regard to gender, race, and ethnicity. It also includes the physically disabled, gays and lesbians, and the elderly.
Q-40: What are the main management functions?
Answer: The main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
Q-41: What are essential skills required by management?
Answer: Three essential management skills are technical, human and conceptual.
Q-42: What are managerial roles?
Answer: Mangers have to perform a variety of roles in organization that are categorized into three main roles that are interpersonal relationships, the transfer of information and decisional roles.
Q-43: What are the important components of an Organization?
Answer: Some of the important components are people, tasks, structure and technology.
Q-44: How many types of organization exist?
Answer: Organizations are generally of two types; Formal and informal organizations.
Q-45: What is a formal organization?
Answer: Formal organizations are deliberately and rationally designed to achieve specific objectives. Follow rules and regulations and have formal wor king procedures.
Q-46: Which organizations are called informal organizations?
Answer: Informal organizations are small groups and arise spontaneously along with the formal
organizations. The best example to give is an organization’s football team. One might find a
managing director, a manager and a manual worker all on the same team- and we know that
relationships between them will be very different than in the office place. So, the football team is an
informal organization; the company as a whole is formal since it has increasing levels of power.
Q-47: Why do organizations exist?
Answer: To increase specialization and division of labor Use large-scale technology Manage the external environment Economize on transaction costs Exert power and control
Q-48: What factors are effecting organizations?
Answer: Internal and external factors effect organizations. Internal factors are with in the organization and external factors are from macro environment like political, economic, social and technological factors.
Q-49: What are the major challenges encountered by the organizations?
Answer: Major challenges are globalization and culture; high quality and low cost; multiple stakeholders and rapid pace of change.
Q-50: Who are stake holders?
Answer: Stakeholders can be a person or group with a direct interest, involvement, or investment in
something, e.g. business owners, investors, shareholders, employees, employers, internal and
external customers, competitors, governme nt, suppliers and distributors.
Answer: The key biographical characteristics are age, gender, marital status, length of service, etc.
Q-2: What is tenure?
Answer: Tenure is the length of time that an official person serves for an organization.
Q-3: What do you mean by turnover?
Answer: In a human resources context refers to the characteristic of a given company or industry, relative to rate at which an employer gains and loses staff.
Q-4: What is ability?
Answer: Ability is defined as mental and physical capabilities to perform various tasks.
Q-5: What do the term intellectual abilities mean?
Answer: The capacity to do mental activities is called intellectual ability. Some common examples are number aptitude, verbal comprehension, perceptual speed, inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, spatial visualization and memory ability.
Q-6: What is difference between intellectual abilities and physical abilities?
Answer: Intellectual abilities are the capacity to do mental activities. Physical abilities refer to the capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, strength and similar characteristics.
Q-7: What is ability job-fit?
Answer: Adequate job performance requires certain abilities to that particular job. So the job incumbent should possess abilities that are required for the job he is performing for example an airline pilots need spatial visualization, the beech safeguard should be a good swimmer and the journalist should have strong reasoning abilities.
Q-8: What is ethical behavior?
Answer: Ethical behaviors are “Good” and “right” as opposed to “bad” or “wrong” in a particular setting.
Q-9: What is learning?
Answer: A relatively permanent change in the behavior occurring as a result of experience
Q-10: Can mangers reshape the behavior of employees?
Answer: Various methods are used to reshape human behaviors like positive or negative reinforcement, punishment and extinction.
Q-11: Define values.
Answer: A specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
Q-12: How can we differentiate “values, morals and ethics”?
Answer: Values are an individual's accepted standards of right or wrong. Morals are society's standards of right and wrong, very similar to ethics. Ethics can be described as a structured system of principles that govern appropriate conduct for a group, including activities such as professional ethics, compassion, commitment, cooperation.
Q-13: How an individual comes to know about “values”?
Answer: The main sources are parents, friends, teachers, role models, external reference groups.
Q-14: How an individual comes to know about “values”?
Answer: The main sources are parents, friends, teachers, role models, external reference groups.
Q-15: What is difference between terminal and instrumental values?
Answer: Instrumental values reflect the means to achieving goals; that is they represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving some end state. These include ambition, honesty, self efficiency and courage. Terminal values in contrast represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence. These include happiness, love, pleasure, self respect and freedom.
Q-16: What is difference between terminal and instrumental values?
Answer: Instrumental values reflect the means to achieving goals; that is they represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving some end state. These include ambition, honesty, self efficiency and courage. Terminal values in contrast represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence. These include happiness, love, pleasure, self respect and freedom.
Q-17: Can you give me examples of work values?
Answer: Some example of work values are achievement (career advancement), concern for others (compassionate behavior), honesty (provision of accurate information), fairness (impartiality)
Q-18: What are personal values?
Answer: Personal values are those things that are most important to you, those things that must be true for you to lead a happy and fulfilled life. Your values are also those things that really motivate you. When you are living in accord with your personal values you find life fulfilling and satisfying.
Q-19: How can a person identify its personal value and improve?
Answer: In the childhood you start learning values from your parents or other significant adults. Later on, you picked up values from your peers, your social environment, and other influences you allowed in to your life. You can recognize these environmental influences and identify and develop a clear, concise, and meaningful set of values/beliefs, and priorities. Because values impact every aspect of individual’s life and guide him/her to be successful. You can improve your personal values by choosing the values that are most important to you, the values you believe in and that define your character. Then live them visibly every day at work and at home. Living your values is one of the most powerful tools available to you to help you be the person you want to be, to help you accomplish your goals and dreams, and to help you lead and influence others.
Q-20: Explain the Difference Between "Attitude and Behavior".
Answer: Attitude refers to the ‘feel’ part of your work. It relates to how you feel about your work and your approach towards work. Behavior refers to the ‘do’ part of your work. It relates to how you do your work and how you get your work done.
Q-21: What factors determine job satisfaction?
Answer: Employees feel satisfaction when they find their job challenging, equitable rewards, supportive working conditions, supportive colleagues and personality job fit.
Q-22: Does our Personality Type change?
Answer: The research behind the Myers-Briggs Personality test, tells us that personality typing, in normal people, rarely changes over the course of a lifetime, unless they experience a major catastrophic event in their lives. For most people their personality deepens and matures.
Q-23: How does Personality Typing help in the world of work?
Answer: Certain personality types tend to be found in certain jobs because they do really well in those jobs. The job works with their personality. If you get into a job or occupation where you are constantly frustrated with the people around you, and the work you are doing, maybe it’s time to step back and ask yourself, “Does this job really suit my personality type?” As you get to know the various personality types, you will start to recognize the types that are drawn to the same line of work.
Q-24: What is the influence of heredity and environment on personality?
Answer: Heredity refers to those factors that genetically transfer from parents to children. For example gender, height, brain size. Environment is the surroundings of an individual that influence our personality. Among the factors that exert pressures on personality formation are the culture in which we are raised; our early conditioning; the norms among our family, friends, and social groups; and other influences that we experience.
Q-25: Who are extroverts and introverts?
Answer: Extroverts are those who enjoy being with people, are full of energy, and often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented, individuals. In groups they like to talk, assert themselves, and draw attention to themselves. On the other hand introverts are reserved person who are shy and tends not to socialize much, their feelings and thoughts are directed inward.
Q-26: How can I differentiate type A and B personality?
Answer: Type A’s have high spirits. They are very active they can hardly relax. They can not sit idol. They are over achievers; they usually get themselves involved in different activities and perform well. Their big problem is stress; they are usually overwhelmed by the amount of tasks they have to do. These tasks are usually a huge list that they planned for themselves. Type B personality type of person is relaxed by nature and has no sense of time urgency. They are more “laid-back”. They are less competitive, and slower in contemplating life.
Q-27: What are the main sources of self efficacy?
Answer: The main sources of self efficacy are prior experiences and prior success, behavior models, assessment of current physical & emotional capabilities.
Q-28: What does mean by Locus of Control?
Answer: Locus of control is considered to be an important aspect of personality. It refers to an individual's perception about the underlying main causes of events in his/her life. The individuals with internal locus of control believe that his behavior is guided by his personal decisions and efforts. While individuals with external locus of control believe that his behavior is guided by fate, luck or any other external circumstances. You can take an example of such a student, who says that he got good grades in exam because of his effort and hard work (This is internal locus of control) but when he fails to score good grades then he put blame on external factors like bad luck or strict paper marking. (This is external locus of control)
Q-29: What is the importance of emotional intelligence?
Answer: Emotional intelligence is important because;
- It provides a variety of non cognitive skills and competences that enable individuals to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures.
- People without the ability to process emotions have been proved to be poor decision makers.
- A high level of EI is a good predictor of job performance. The possession of emotional intelligence allows an individual to become a good performer.
Q-30: What are the dysfunctional emotions?
Answer: Dysfunctional emotions are unhealthy and unfavorable emotions.
Q-31: What is an organization?
Answer: An organization is composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Q-32: What is Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Organizational Behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Q-33: Why is it important to study Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Following are the reasons to study organizational behavior: • To learn about yourself and how to deal with others • You are part of an organization now, and will continue to be a part of various organizations • Organizations are increasingly expecting individuals to be able to work in teams, at least some of the time • Some of you may want to be managers or entrepreneurs.
Q-34: Why managers require knowledge of OB?
Answer: An understanding of organizational behavior is important to managers, who have the responsibility of improving organizational effectiveness, the ability of an organization to achieve goals. Specifically, knowledge of OB enables managers to focuses on how to improve productivity, reduce absenteeism and turnover, and increase employee citizenship and job satisfaction.
Q-35: What are the contributing disciplines of Organizational Behavior?
Answer: Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines. The predominant areas are psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political sc ience.
Q-36: What are the three levels of analysis in OB?
Answer: The three main levels of analysis in OB are individual, group and organization.
Q-37: What are the major challenges and opportunities for managers to use OB concepts?
Answer: Organizational behavior offers both challenges and opportunities for managers. It recognizes differences and helps managers to see the value of workforce diversity and practices that may need to be changed when managing in different countries. It can help improve quality and employee productivity by showing managers how to empower their people as well as how to design and implement change programs. It offers specific insights to improve a manager’s people skills. In times of rapid and ongoing change, faced by most managers today, OB can help managers cope in a world of “temporariness” and learn ways to stimulate innovation. Finally, OB can offer managers guidance in creating an ethically healthy work climate.
Q-38: How does globalization affect a manager’s people skills?
Answer: Globalization affects a manager’s people skills in at least two ways. First, managers are increasingly likely to find themselves on foreign assignments. Once there, they may be managing a work force that is defined by very different needs, aspirations, and attitudes from the workforce back at home. Second, managers are going to find themselves working with superiors, peers, and employees who were born and raised in a different culture. To work effectively with these people, managers will need to understand their culture, how it has shaped them, and how to adapt a management style to these differences.
Q-39: What is “workforce diversity?
Answer: Workforce diversity is a term used to describe how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous with regard to gender, race, and ethnicity. It also includes the physically disabled, gays and lesbians, and the elderly.
Q-40: What are the main management functions?
Answer: The main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
Q-41: What are essential skills required by management?
Answer: Three essential management skills are technical, human and conceptual.
Q-42: What are managerial roles?
Answer: Mangers have to perform a variety of roles in organization that are categorized into three main roles that are interpersonal relationships, the transfer of information and decisional roles.
Q-43: What are the important components of an Organization?
Answer: Some of the important components are people, tasks, structure and technology.
Q-44: How many types of organization exist?
Answer: Organizations are generally of two types; Formal and informal organizations.
Q-45: What is a formal organization?
Answer: Formal organizations are deliberately and rationally designed to achieve specific objectives. Follow rules and regulations and have formal wor king procedures.
Q-46: Which organizations are called informal organizations?
Answer: Informal organizations are small groups and arise spontaneously along with the formal
organizations. The best example to give is an organization’s football team. One might find a
managing director, a manager and a manual worker all on the same team- and we know that
relationships between them will be very different than in the office place. So, the football team is an
informal organization; the company as a whole is formal since it has increasing levels of power.
Q-47: Why do organizations exist?
Answer: To increase specialization and division of labor Use large-scale technology Manage the external environment Economize on transaction costs Exert power and control
Q-48: What factors are effecting organizations?
Answer: Internal and external factors effect organizations. Internal factors are with in the organization and external factors are from macro environment like political, economic, social and technological factors.
Q-49: What are the major challenges encountered by the organizations?
Answer: Major challenges are globalization and culture; high quality and low cost; multiple stakeholders and rapid pace of change.
Q-50: Who are stake holders?
Answer: Stakeholders can be a person or group with a direct interest, involvement, or investment in
something, e.g. business owners, investors, shareholders, employees, employers, internal and
external customers, competitors, governme nt, suppliers and distributors.
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