Chapter-09: Transfer of Heat

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Recall that thermal energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
• Describe in terms of molecules and electrons, how heat transfer occurs in solids.
• State the factors affecting the transfer of heat through solid conductors and hence, define the term Thermal Conductivity.
• Solve problems based on thermal conductivity of solid conductors.
• Write examples of good and bad conductors of heat and describe their uses.
• Explain the convection currents in fluids due to difference in density.
• State some examples of heat transfer by convection in everyday life.
• Explain that insulation reduces energy transfer by conduction.
• Describe the process of radiation from all objects.
• Explain that energy transfer of a body by radiation does not require a material medium and rate of energy transfer.

Chapter-08: Thermal Properties of Matter

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Define temperature (as quantity which determines the direction of flow of thermal energy).
• Define heat (as the energy transferred resulting from the temperature difference between two objects).
• List basic thermometric properties for a material to construct a thermometer.
• Convert the temperature from one scale to another
• Describe rise in temperature of a body in terms of an increase in its internal energy.
• Define the terms heat capacity and specific heat capacity.
• Describe heat of fusion and heat of vaporization.
• Describe experiments to determine heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of ice and water respectively by sketching temperature-time graph on heating ice.
• Explain the process of evaporation and the difference between boiling and evaporation.
• Explain that evaporation causes cooling.
• List the factors which influence surface evaporation.
• Describe qualitatively the thermal expansion of solids.
• Explain thermal expansion of liquids.
• Solve numerical problems based on the mathematical relations learnt in this unit.

Chapter-07: Properties of Matter

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• State kinetic molecular model of matter (solid, liquid and gas forms).
• Describe briefly the fourth state of matter, i.e plasma.
• Define the term density.
• Compare the densities of a few solids, liquids and gases.
• Define the term pressure (as a force acting normally on unit area).
• Explain how pressure varies with force and area in the context of everyday examples.
• Explain that the atmosphere exerts a pressure.
• Describe how the height of a liquid column may be used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
• Describe that atmospheric pressure decreases with the increase in height above the Earth's surface.
• Explalin that changes in atmospheric pressure in a region may indicate a change in the weather.
• State Pascal's law.
• Apply and demonstrate the use with examples of Pascal\'s law.
• State relation for pressure beneath a liquid surface to depth and to density.
• State Archimedes principle.
• Determine the density of an object using Archimedes principle.
• State the uphtrust exerted by a liquid on a body.
• State principle of floatation
• State Hooke's law and explain elastic limit.

Chapter-06: Work & Energy

 

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Define work and its SI unit.
• Calculate word done using equation: Work = force x distance moved in the direction of force
• Define energy, kinetic energy and potential energy. State unit of energy.
• List the different forms of energy with examples.
• Describe the processes by which energy is converted from one form to another.
• State mass energy equation E-mc² and solve problems using it.
• Describe the process of electricity generation by drawing a block diagram of the process from fossil fuel input to electricity output.
• List the environmental issues associated with power generation.
• Explain by drawing energy flow diagrams through steady state systems such as filament lamp, power station, a vehicle travelling at a constant speed on a level road.
• Solve problems using mathematical relations learnt in this unit.

Chapter-05: Gravitation

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• State Newton's law of gravitation.
• Explain that the gravitational forces are consistent with Newton's third law.
• Explain gravitational field as an example of field of force.
• Define weight (as the force on an object due to gravitational field).
• Calculate the mass of Earth by using law of gravitation.
• Solve problems using Newton's of gravitation.
• Explain that value of g decreases with altitude from the surface of earth.
• Discuss the importance of Newton's law of gravitation in understanding the motion of satelittes.

Chapter-04: Turning Effects of Force

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Define like and unlike parallel forces.
• State head to tail rule of vector addition of forces / vectors.
• Describe how a force is resoved into its perpendicular components.
• Determine the magintude and direction of a force from its perpendicular components.
• Define moment of force or torque as moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot to the line of action of force.
• Explain the turning effect of force by relating it to everyday life. - State the principle of moments.
• Define the centre of mass and centre of gravity of a body.
• Define couple as a pair of forces tending to produce rotation.
• Prove that the couple has the same moments about all points.
• Define equilibrium and classify its types by quoting examples from everyday life.
• State two conditions for equilibrium of a body.
• Solve problems on simple balanced systems when bodies are supported by one pivot only.
• Describe the states of equilibrium and classify them with common examples.
• Explain effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stabililty of simple objects.

Chapter-03: Dynamics

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Define momentum, force, inertia, friction and centripetal force.
• Solve problems using the equation Force = change in momentum / change in time.
• Explain the concept of force by practical examples of daily life.
• State Newton's laws of motion.
• Distinguish between mass and weight and solve problems using F=ma, and w=mg.
• Calculate tension and acceleration in a string during motion of bodies connected by the string and passing over frictionless pulley using second law of motion.
• State the law of conversation of momentum.
• Use the principle of conservation of momentum in the collision of two objects.
• Determine the velocity after collision of two objects using the law of conservation of momentum.
• Explain the effect of friction on the motion of a vehicle in the contect of tyre surface, road conditions including skidding, braking force.
• Demonstrate that rolling friction is much lesser than sliding friction.
• List various methods to reduce friction.
• Calculate centripetal force on a body moving in a circle using mv²

Chapter-02: Kinematics

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Describe the crucial role of Physics in Science, Technology and society.
• Explain with examples the Science is based on physical quantities which consist of numerical magnitude and a unit.
• Differentiate between base and derived physical quantities.
• List the seven units of System International (SI) alongwith their symbols and physical quantities (standard definitions of SI units are not required).
• Interconvert the prefixes and their symbols to indicate multiple and sub-multiples for both base and derived units.
• Write the answer in scientific notation in measurements and calculations.
• Describe the working of Vernier Callipers and screw guage for measuring length.
• Identify and explain the limitations of measuring instruments such as metre rule, Vernier Callipers and screw guage.

Chapter-01: Physical Quantities and Measurements

Ch-01: Physical Quantities and Measurements 
Multiple Choice Questions

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Describe the crucial role of Physics in Science, Technology and society.
• Explain with examples the Science is based on physical quantities which consist of numerical magnitude and a unit.
• Differentiate between base and derived physical quantities.
• List the seven units of System International (SI) alongwith their symbols and physical quantities (standard definitions of SI units are not required).
• Interconvert the prefixes and their symbols to indicate multiple and sub-multiples for both base and derived units.

Chapter-12: Geometrical Optics

Chapter-12:  Geometrical Optics

Light is the main focus of this unit which describe different phenomena of light such as reflection, refraction and total internal reflection. This unit explains how images are formed by mirrors and lenses and will discuss working principle of compound microscope and telescope as: 

• describe the terms used in reflection including normal, angle of incidence, angle of reflection and state laws of reflection. 
• solve problems of image location by spherical mirrors by using mirror formula. 
• describe the passage of light through parallel-sided transparent material. 
• define power of a lens and its unit. 
• describe the correction of short-sight and long-sight. 

Chapter-18: Atomic Number and Nuclear Physics

Atomic and Nuclear Physics

The word atom is derived from the Greek word "otomos", meaning "indivisible". At one time, atoms were thought to be teh smallest particles of matter. Today we know that atoms are composite systems and contain even smaller particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. This unit: 

• describe the structure of an atom in terms of a nucleus and electrons. 
• describe the composition of the nucleus in terms of protons and neutrons. 
• explain the number of protons in a nucleus distinguishes one element from the other. 
• describe teh process of carbon dating to estimate the age of ancient objects. 
• describe hazards of radioactive materials. 

Chapter-17: Information and Communication Technology

We are living in the age of information and communication technology. Now-a-days telephone, mobile phone, fax machine, computer and internet are the main sources of contact. These sources have shortened the distances and have brought in contact the whole world. We should know what this Information and Telecommunication Technology is: 

• components of information technology
• the transmission of: 
• electric signals through wires 
• radio waves through air
• light signals through optical fibres
• describe function and use of fax machines, cell phones, photo phone and computer. 
• make a list of the use of E-mail and internet. 

Chapter-16: Basic Electronics

Electronics is that branch of applied physics which deals with the control of motion of electrons using different devices. Electronic devices being more effective and reliable have revolutionized the fields of telecommunication and information technology. This chapter providing: 

• explain the process of thermionic emission emitted from a filament. 
• describe the simple construction and use of an electron gun as a source of electronic beam. 
• describe the effect of electric field on an electron beam. 
• describe the effect of magnetic field on an electron beam. 
• describe the basic principle of CRO and make a list of its uses. 

Chapter-15: Electromagnetism

 

Here this post contains Short Question and Answers of Chapter 15 - Physics for 10th Class "Electromagnetism". Learn these question answers and other related stuff for exam preparation.

In Chapter-15 Electromagnetism is the study of magnetic effects of current. The uses of electromagnetism in different fields of science and technology is very wide. 

• Motors and electric meters are based on the effect of magnetism produced by the electric current in wires. 
• Generators produce electric current due to the movement of wires near very large magnets. 

Chapter-14: Current Electricity

 

Here this post contains Short Question and Answers of Chapter 14 - Physics for 10th Class "Current Electricity". Learn these question answers and other related stuff for exam preparation.

In Chapter-14 Current Electricity can be defined as the flow of electrons from one section of the circuit to another. Current Electricity is one of the main discovery through which we are highly dependent on to make our life easier. Benjamin Franklin is credited with the discovery of electricity.

Ch-13: Electrostatics

 

Here this post contains Short Question and Answers of Chapter 13 - Physics "Electrostatics". Learn these question answers and other related stuff for exam preparation.

In Chapter-13 Electrostatics can be defined as a branch of physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of stationary or slow-moving electric charges. Charges reach their equilibrium positions rapidly, because the electric force is extremely strong.

SI Units in Physics

What is the SI Unit?

SI (Système International) unit is an international system of measurements that are used universally in technical and scientific research to avoid the confusion with the units. Having a standard unit system is important because it helps the entire world to understand the measurements in one set of unit systems. Following is the table with base SI units:

Name of the Quantity	SI Unit	SI Unit Symbol
Length (l)	Meter	m
Mass (M)	Kilogram	kg
Time (T)	Second	s
Electric current (I)	Ampere	A
Thermodynamic temperature (Θ)	Kelvin	K
Amount of substance (N)	Mole	mol
Luminous intensity (J)	Candela	cd

Physics Definitions

This post contains all the important definitions of Physics that you need for your O-Level, A-Level, Matriculation, Intermediate level notes. All the definitions provide in very simple way which will help to understand and learn easily.

Measurement:

Scalar quantities are quantities in which the magnitude is stated, but the direction is either not applicable or not specified. Vector quantities are quantities in which both the magnitude and the direction must be stated. Random errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities differ from the mean value with different magnitudes and directions. Systematic errors are errors of measurements in which the measured quantities are displaced from the true value by fixed magnitude and in the same direction. Accuracy is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with the true value. Precision is a measure of how close the results of an experiment agree with each other.

Ch-09: Transfer of Heat

Ch-09: Transfer of Heat

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Recall that thermal energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
• Describe in terms of molecules and electrons, how heat transfer occurs in solids.
• State the factors affecting the transfer of heat through solid conductors and hence, define the term Thermal Conductivity.
• Solve problems based on thermal conductivity of solid conductors.
• Write examples of good and bad conductors of heat and describe their uses.
• Explalin the convection currents in fluids due to difference in density.
• State some examples of heat transfer by convection in everyday life.

Ch-08: Thermal Properties of Matter

Ch-08: Thermal Properties of Matter 

After studying this unit, the students will be able to:

• Define temperature (as quantity which determines the direction of flow of thermal energy).
• Define heat (as the energy transferred resulting from the temperature difference between two objects).
• List basic thermometric properties for a material to construct a thermometer.
• Convert the temperature from one scale to another
• Describe rise in temperature of a body in terms of an increase in its internal energy.
• Define the terms heat capacity and specific heat capacity.
• Describe heat of fusion and heat of vaporization.
• Describe experiments to determine heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of ice and water respectively by sketching temperature-time graph on heating ice.