- Glossary of Physics Terms
- This glossary of physics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to physics, its sub-disciplines, and related fields, including mechanics, materials science, nuclear physics, particle physics, and thermodynamics.
- Acceleration:
- Rate of change of velocity with time
- Artificial Satellite:
- Man made objects moving in fixed circular orbits around the earth.
- Atomic Physics:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the study of the structure and properties of atoms.
- Axis of rotation:
- A straight line passing through the points of a rotating rigid body while the other points of the body move in circle about the axis.
- Base quantity:
- A quantity which can be expressed independently without the reference of any other quantity.
- Base unit:
- The units that describe base quantities.
- Buoyant force:
- The force acting on an object due to buoyancy of a liquid.
- Center of gravity:
- The point of a body where its weight acts.
- Center of mass:
- A point where an applied force causes the system to move without rotation.
- Centrifugal force:
- Centripetal reaction
- Centripetal acceleration:
- Acceleration produced by the centripetal force.
- Circular motion:
- Motion of a body along a circular path.
- Coefficient of linear expansion:
- Change in unit length caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.
- Coefficient of volume expansion:
- Change in unit volume caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.
- Conduction:
- Transfer of heat due to interaction of electrons or molecules.
- Convection:
- Transfer of heat by actual movement of molecules from place to cold place.
- Couple:
- When two equal and unlike parallel forces act at different points of a body they constitute a couple.
- Deceleration:
- Negative acceleration
- Density:
- Mass per unit volume
- Derived quantity:
- Such quantity which is expressed with reference to base quantities.
- Derived units:
- The units used to measure derived quantities.
- Displacement:
- The shortest distance between two points.
- Distance:
- Length of a path between two points.
- Dynamics:
- Study of motion of bodies under the action of forces.
- Efficiency:
- Ratio of output and input.
- Effort arm:
- The intermediate distance between fulcrum and effort.
- Effort moment:
- Product of effort and effort arm.
- Effort:
- Force applied on the machine.
- Elastic potential energy:
- Energy of a compressed or stretched soring.
- Elasticity modulus:
- Ratio of stress and strain
- Elasticity:
- The property of the solids because of which they restore their original when external force ceases to act.
- Electromagnetism:
- The branch of physics that deals with the study of the charges at rest motion their effects and their relationship with magnetism.
- Energy:
- Ability of a body to do work
- Equilibrium:
- A state where acceleration of a body is zero.
- Evaporation:
- The changing of a liquid into vapours from the surface of a the liquid without heating it.
- Field force:
- The gravitational pull of the Earth acting on the body whether the body is in contact with the Earth or not.
- Force of gravitation:
- The force due to which everybody of the universe attracts every other body.
- Force:
- The agent that changes or tends to change the state of a body.
- Friction:
- The force of resistance against the relative motion between two surfaces.
- Fulcrum:
- The point around which lever revolves.
- Geophysics:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the study of the internal structure of the Earth and tectonic plate motions etc.
- Gravitational Acceleration:
- Acceleration due to gravity of the Earth.
- Gravitational field strength:
- The gravitational force per unit mass
- Gravitational field:
- The field in a region in space in which a particle would experience a gravitational force.
- Gravitational force:
- Mutual force of attraction between the objects.
- Gravitational potential energy:
- Energy of a body due to its position in the gravitational field.
- Heat capacity:
- The quantity of thermal energy absorbed by a body for increase in its temperature.
- Heat:
- The branch of physics that deals with the nature of heat, modes of transfer of heat and effects of heat.
- Heat:
- The form of energy which transferred from one place to another because of temperature difference.
- Horizontal component:
- The component of a force which is along horizontal or x-direction.
- Inertia:
- The characteristics of a body due to which it resists against any changes in its state of rest or motion.
- Input:
- A work which is done on the machine.
- Internal Energy:
- The sum of K.E and P.E associated with the atoms, molecules and particles of a body.
- Isolated system:
- A group of a interacting bodies on which no force is acting.
- Joule:
- The amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through one meter in the reaction of force.
- Kilowatt-hour:
- Work done more hour at a rate of one kilowatt
- Kinematics:
- Study of motion of bodies without taking into consideration the mass and forces.
- Kinematic energy:
- Energy of a body due to its motion.
- Kinetic friction:
- Friction during motion
- Latent heat of fusion:
- The quantity of heat required to change one kilogramme of a solid substance to liquid state during which its temperature remains constant.
- Latent heat of vapourization:
- The quantity of heat required to change the state of one kilogramme of a liquid to vapour or gaseous state during which its temperature remains constant.
- Lever:
- A strong bar revolving around some point.
- Light year:
- The unit of distance for celestial bodies equal to 9.46 x 1016 m.
- Light:
- The branch of physics that deals with the physical aspects of light and its properties, working and uses of optical instruments.
- Like parallel forces:
- Forces acting along parallel lines in the same direction.
- Limiting friction:
- The maximum value of static friction.
- Line of action of a force:
- The line along which a force acts.
- Linear motion:
- The motion of a body along a straight line.
- Load arm:
- The intermediate distance between fulcrum and load.
- Load moment:
- Product of load and load arm.
- Load:
- Resistance of lifted up weight.
- Mass:
- The characteristic of a body, which determines the acceleration produced by the application of a force.
- Mechanical advantage:
- Ratio of load and effort.
- Mechanics:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the motion of objects, causes and effects of motion.
- Moment arm:
- The perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.
- Momentum:
- The product of mass and velocity of a body.
- Motion:
- If a body changes its position with respect to its surroundings.
- Negative vector:
- A vector which has the same magnitude but opposite direction of another vector.
- Neutral equilibrium:
- The condition of a body in which its centre of gravity neither rises nor becomes lower of its original position after being distributed.
- Nuclear physics:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the properties and behaviour of nuclei and the particles within the nuclei.
- Orbital velocity:
- The critical velocity of a satellite in order to keep on moving around the Earth at a specific height.
- Output:
- A work, which is done by the machine.
- Parallel force:
- The forces which are parallel to each other.
- Perpendicular components:
- The components of a force which are manually perpendicular to each other.
- Physical quantities:
- All measurable quantities.
- Physics:
- The branch of Science which explains the properties of matter and energy.
- Plasma physics:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the study of production, properties of the ionic state of matter – the fourth state of matter.
- Position:
- Location of a place or a point with respect to some reference point.
- Potential Energy:
- The energy possessed by a body due to its position.
- Power:
- Rate of doing work.
- Prefixes:
- The words or letters added before a unit and stand for the multiplies or submultiples of that unit.
- Pressure:
- The force acting normally per unit area.
- Radiation:
- Transfer of heat by intra red radiations requiring no medium for their transmission.
- Random motion:
- Motion without any consideration of time and direction.
- Rate of flow of heat:
- The amount of heat that flows in unit time.
- Resolution of force:
- Splitting up of a force into its components.
- Rest:
- If a body does not change its position with respect to its surroundings.
- Resultant force:
- Such a force, which shows the combined effect of two or more forces.
- Restardation:
- Negative acceleration.
- Rolling friction:
- The friction produced during the motion of one body over the other with the help of wheels.
- Rotatory motion:
- The motion in which a body moves around an axis passing through it.
- Scalar:
- A physical quantity which is completely described by its magnitude only.
- Scientific method:
- Logical applications of arguments that explain a certain phenomenon.
- Significant figures:
- In a measurement the correctly known digits and the first doubtful digit.
- Simple machine:
- A thing which helps in doing work more easily.
- Sliding friction:
- The friction between two surfaces sliding against each other.
- Sound:
- The branch of Physics that deals with the physical aspects of sound waves, their production, properties and applications.
- Specific heat capacity:
- The quantity of heat, which changes the temperature of one kilogramme mass by 1 K.
- Speed:
- Distance covered by a body in unit time.
- Stability:
- The property of a body which does not undergo any change without the application of an external agency.
- Stable equilibrium:
- The condition of a body in which it comes to its original position after being disturbed.
- Static friction:
- The force of friction arising due to an applied external force before motion.
- Strain:
- The change in the shape of an object under the action of an external force.
- Stress:
- Force acting on unit area of an object.
- Surface tension:
- The force acting along the surface of a liquid.
- Temperature:
- The degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
- Tensile strain:
- Change in length per unit original length.
- Tension:
- The force acting along a string.
- Thermal conductivity:
- The rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a meter cube maintained at a temperature difference of 1K.
- Thermal equilibrium:
- The property of a system when all parts of the system have the same temperature along with its surrounding.
- Thermometer:
- A device used to measure temperature.
- Thermometry:
- Art of measurement of temperature.
- Torque:
- The capacity of a force to rotate a body.
- Translatory motion:
- The motion of a body when it moves along a line without rotation.
- Trigonometric ratios:
- The ratios of the sides of right-angled triangle.
- Uniform acceleration:
- Equal changes in velocity in equal intervals of time.
- Uniform speed:
- Equal distances covered by a body in equal intervals of time.
- Uniform velocity:
- Equal changes in displacement in equal intervals of time.
- Unlike parallel forces:
- Forces that are parallel but have direction opposite to each other.
- Unstable equilibrium:
- The condition of a body in which it does not come to its original position after being disturbed.
- Vector:
- A physical quantity which is described completely by magnitude and direction.
- Velocity:
- Rate of change of displacement.
- Vibratory motion:
- Zig-zag motion of the molecules of gases and liquids.
- Watt:
- The power of a body if it does work at the rate of one joule per second.
- Weight:
- Force of gravitation acting on a body.
- Work:
- The product of force and displacement.
- Young's modulus:
- The ratio of stress to tensile strain.
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Tuesday, March 2, 2021
Glossary of Physics Terms
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