Ch-09 - Chemical Equilibrium

Ch-09 - Chemical Equilibrium

Class 10th - Chemistry Definitions

Chemical Equilibrium: Chemical equilibrium is the state in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This means that the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time.

Understanding chemical equilibrium is crucial for predicting and controlling chemical reactions.

Forward and Reverse Reaction: In a chemical reaction, the forward reaction refers to the conversion of reactants into products, while the reverse reaction involves the conversion of products back into reactants. Both reactions occur simultaneously at equilibrium.

Reversible Reaction: Reversible reactions are those where reactants can form products and products can reform reactants. This means that the reaction can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions.

Dynamic Equilibrium: Dynamic equilibrium is a state in which the rate of the forward and reverse reactions is equal. Although reactions continue to occur at equilibrium, there is no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.

Derivation of Expression for Equilibrium Constant: The equilibrium constant is calculated from the concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium. Its expression is derived from the law of mass action, which states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the concentrations of reactants.

Ways to Recognize Equilibrium: Equilibrium can be recognized through various indicators, such as the constant concentration of reactants and products, no change in color or any other observable property, and the balancing of reaction rates.

Importance of Equilibrium Constant: The equilibrium constant provides insight into the position of equilibrium, allowing us to predict the extent to which a reaction proceeds. It also helps determine the relative concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. Understanding the importance of the equilibrium constant is essential in many areas of chemistry.

Law of Mass Action: The law of mass action states that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants. This law is used to derive the expression for the equilibrium constant.

Equilibrium Constant and its Unit: The equilibrium constant is a dimensionless value obtained by taking the ratio of the product concentrations to the reactant concentrations, each raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients. The unit of the equilibrium constant depends on the specific reaction and is determined by the stoichiometry.

Necessary Condition for Equilibrium: For a chemical reaction to reach equilibrium, there must be a closed system with no exchange of reactants or products with the surroundings. Additionally, the reaction must be reversible and there should be enough time for the forward and reverse reactions to reach equal rates.

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